- Archaeologists have identified evidence of stone age technology in Aq Kupruk. North Afghanistan was one of the earliest places to domestic plants and animals.
- Bronze have been invented.
- First true urban centers rise in two main sites in Afghanistan: Mundigak, and Deh Morasi Ghundai.
- Mundigak had an economic base of wheat, barley, sheep and goats. Mudigak could have been a provincial capital of the Indus valley civilization.
- Ancient Afghanistan crossroads between Mesopotamia, and other Civilizations.
- Aryan tribes in Aryana (Ancient Afghanistan) .
- The City of Kabul have been established.
- Rig Veda have been created in Afghanistan.
- Zoroaster introduces a new religion in Bactria dies during nomadic invasion near Balkh.
- Darius the Great expands the Achaemenid (Persian) empire to its peak, when it takes most of Afghanistan including Aria (Herat), Bactriana (Balk, and present-day Mazar-i-Shariff), Margiana (Merv), Gandhara (Kabul, Jalalabad and Peshawar), Sattagydia (Ghazni to the Indus river), Arachosia (Kandahar, and Quetta), and Drangiana (Sistan).
- The Persian empire was plagued by constant bitter and bloody tribal revolts from Afghans living in Arachosia.
- After conquering Persia, Afghanistan is invaded by Alexander the Great. Alexander conquers Afghanistan, but fails to really subdue its people.
- Greeks rule Bactria (Northern Afghanistan)
1140-
1736-
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- Persia moves into Khurasan, and threatens Herat. Afghans defend Herat successfully.
- Afghans lose Peshawar to the Sikhs; later they crushed the Sikhs under the leadership of Akbar Khan who defeated the Sikhs near Jamrud, and killed the great Sikh general Hari Singh. However, they failed to retake Peshawar due to disunity and bad judgment on the part of Dost Mohammad Khan.
- First Anglo-Afghan War.
- After some resistance, Amir Dost Mohammad Khan surrenders to the British and is deported to India.
- Shah Shuja is installed as a "puppet king" by the British.
- April 1842-Shah Shuja killed by Afghans.
- Afghans passionately continue their struggle against the British.
- Akbar Khan-Afghan hero--victorious against the British.
- Afghan hero, Akbar Khan dies.
- Russia established a fixed boundary between Afghanistan and it's new territories.
- Russia promises to respect Afghanistan's territorial integrity.
- Start of second Anglo-Afghan War
- The British invade and the Afghans quickly put up a strong resistance.
- Third Anglo-Afghan war
- Once again, the British are defeated, and Afghanistan gains full control of her foreign affairs.
- The United States of America formally recognizes Afghanistan
- Britain withdraws from India. Pakistan is carved out of Indian and Afghan lands.
- The U.S. rejects Afghanistan's request to buy military equipment to modernize the army.
- Pakistan and Afghanistan come close to war over Pashtunistan.
- The Taliban militia are born, and advance rapidly against the Rabbani government.
- Dostum and Hekmatyar continued to clash against Rabbani's government, and as a result Kabul is reduced to rubble.
- Massive gains by the Taliban.
- Increased Pakistani and Iranian interference.
- June--Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, head of Hezbi-Islami, having been eliminated as a military power, signs a peace pact with Rabbani, and returns to Kabul to rule as prime minister.
- September 27--Taliban militia force President Rabbani and his government out of Kabul. After the capture of Kabul, the Taliban execute Najibullah.
- Alliance between Government, Hezbi Wahdat, and Dostum
- Oppression of women by the Taliban--women must be fully veiled, no longer allowed to work, go out alone or even wear white socks. Men are forced to grow beards. Buzkashi, the Afghan national sport is outlawed.
- Tensions rise as Afghan government accuse Pakistan of aiding the Taliban.
- Massive human rights violations by the Taliban.
- Mass graves of Taliban soldiers containing between 1,500 and 2,000 bodies are found. The men were believed to have been captured in May by general Abdul Malik during the Taliban's brief takeover of Mazar-i-Sharif.
- February--Earthquake strikes in northeastern Afghansitan, killing over 4,000 people, destroying villages and leaving thousands of people homeless.
- August--Taliban finally capture Mazar-i-Sharif, and massacre thousands of innocent civilians afterwards, mostly Hazaras.
- August 20th--United States launches cruise missles hitting Afghanistan's Khost region. US states its intent was to destroy so called terrorist bases/training facilities used by Osama bin Laden and his followers. Some Afghan civilians are also killed.
- September--Tensions rise between Iran and the Taliban. Iranians are angry about the killing of their diplomats and a journalist by the Taliban when they captured Mazar-i-Sharif. Soon they deploy 70,000 troops to carry out military exercises near the Afghan border. In the end, no fighting occurs between the Taliban and the Iranian army.
- February--Earthquake hits eastern Afghanistan, affecting over 30,000 people, and killing at least 60 to 70 people.
- September--The ex-king of Afghanistan, Mohammad Zahir Shah, calls for a grand assembly, or Loya Jirga to discuss ways of bringing peace to the country. The United Front soon welcomes the idea, but the Taliban ridicule Mohammad Zahir Shah's attempts at establishing peace.
- October-- UN Security Council Resolution 1267 is adopted; sanctions against the Taliban on grounds that they offered sanctuary to Osama bin Ladin.
- May--Taliban torture and kill civilians in the Robatak Pass
(on the border between Baghlan and Samangan provinces). - September--Taloqan finally falls to the Taliban.
- December-- UN Security Council Resolution 1333 is adopted; additional sanctions against the Taliban for their continuing support of terrorism and cultivation of narcotics, etc.
- January--Taliban torture and kill numerous civilians (Hazaras) in Yakaolang.
- April-- Former King Mohammad Zahir returns to Afghanistan (April) -- does not claim throne.
- War continues against Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
- June-- Loya Jirga elects Hamid Karzai as President of a Transitional Government. Karzai picks members of his administration to serve until elections are held in 2004
- July-- Haji Abdul Qadir (brother of Abdul Haq) is killed. US air raid in Uruzgan province kills approximately 48 civilians, many of them members of a wedding party
- War against Al Qaeda and the Taliban continue -- further weakened.
- August - NATO takes control of security in Kabul.
- January-- Afghanistan adopts a new constitution. The country is now a republic with 3 branches of government (Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary).
- Harsh winter leaves hundreds of people dead.
- Major advances in the disarmament process announced.
- March-- Dostum appointed as the Chief of Staff to the Commander of the Armed Forces. Yunis Qanuni announces new political alliance (March 31st).
- April-- Karzai welcomes the formation of Qanuni's political alliance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan
http://www.afghan-web.com/history/chron/index4.html
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